By Abdul Rafay Afzal (Editor In Chief/Founder The Advocate Post)

Introduction

For over three decades, the Republic of Somaliland has demonstrated commendable governance, peace, and democratic processes, distinguishing itself from the instability often associated with the broader Horn of Africa region. Yet, despite these significant achievements, Somaliland continues to share the country dialing code (+252) with Somalia. This incongruity fails to reflect the reality on the ground: Somaliland is a distinct entity deserving international recognition, including its own dialing code, ideally +210 which is currently an empty slot in the African continent. This opinion argues for the necessity and feasibility of such recognition and explores interim arrangements that could acknowledge Somaliland’s unique status.

Somaliland: A Model for Stability and Democracy

Since declaring independence from Somalia in 1991, Somaliland has established itself as a beacon of stability in a region that has experienced decades of turmoil. It has held multiple democratic elections, established robust governmental institutions, and maintained peace and security. Such accomplishments are not the hallmarks of a micronation but of a well-functioning state worthy of international acknowledgment.

Historical Precedents and Case Laws

Several regions and entities have secured unique or shared dialing codes despite limited international recognition, setting important precedents:

1. Kosovo: Before gaining its own dialing code, Kosovo used the codes of neighboring countries such as Serbia (+381) and Slovenia (+386). Eventually, through negotiations and agreements with the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) and relevant states, Kosovo secured the dialing code +383. The success of this arrangement was underpinned by international diplomatic efforts and legal frameworks, such as United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, which provided a legal basis for Kosovo’s interim administration.
2. Abkhazia and South Ossetia: These regions, while not widely recognized, use the Russian dialing code (+7) following shared agreements reflecting political realities.
3. Northern Cyprus: Utilizes Turkey’s dialing code (+90 392) due to its political relationship and partial recognition status.

These examples demonstrate that the ITU can facilitate region-specific dialing codes or shared arrangements, even in politically sensitive contexts, paving the way for a similar arrangement for Somaliland.

Arguments for Somaliland’s Own Dialing Code

1. Self-Governance and Stability: Unlike Somalia, which continues to experience political instability and conflict, Somaliland has displayed consistent self-governance, exemplified by peaceful transitions of power, a functioning judiciary, and effective law enforcement.
2. Population and Territory: With over 6 million people, Somaliland is considerably larger and more populous than Kosovo, which has approximately 1.8 million inhabitants. This demographic reality further underscores that Somaliland is not a fringe or minor entity but a significant, functional state.
3. International Trade and Communication: Accurate and distinct representation in international telecommunications is crucial for economic development, aiding both local businesses and foreign investors. A unique dialing code would facilitate smoother and more efficient international communication, boosting Somaliland’s economic prospects.
4. Legal Rights and Humanitarian Principles: According to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), to which many nations are signatories, the rights to self-determination and independent communication are codified. Granting Somaliland a unique dialing code aligns with these internationally recognized rights.

Potential Solutions

Unique Country Dialing Code +210

The ideal scenario is for Somaliland to obtain its own country dialing code, such as +210. This would unequivocally symbolize Somaliland’s distinct identity on the global stage, reflecting its de facto sovereignty and encouraging broader international recognition.

Interim and Alternative Solutions

Given the political challenges that may accompany the full recognition of a unique code, interim solutions offer practical pathways:

1. Shared Code Arrangement: Somaliland could negotiate with Somalia and the ITU for a specific prefix within Somalia’s existing code (+252). This approach would require diplomatic engagement and goodwill from both Somaliland and Somalia, along with facilitation by the ITU.
2. Negotiated Shared Code: Somaliland should explore negotiations with neighboring countries, such as Ethiopia or Turkey, to use a shared code similar to the arrangement between Northern Cyprus and Turkey. This arrangement would recognize Somaliland’s unique status while maintaining regional cooperation.

The quest for Somaliland to acquire its own country dialing code transcends technical convenience; it is a matter of justice, recognition, and the facilitation of international rights. Somaliland’s record of stable governance, democratic processes, and substantial population provides a compelling case for its distinct dialing code, ideally +210. Yet while striving for this goal, interim solutions such as a shared prefix within Somalia’s code or negotiations for shared codes offer pragmatic steps forward.

This calls upon the ITU, the international community, and relevant stakeholders to acknowledge Somaliland’s unique status and facilitate its distinct representation in the global telecommunication landscape. Recognizing the dedication and achievements of the people of Somaliland, it is time to reflect their reality in our global directory, ensuring they receive the recognition they duly deserve.