By Zonash Amanullah (Pakistan)

When it comes to education specifically women education in developing countries, its a challenge and in Pakistan now things are getting better but still needs attention for instance Punjab is relatively more developed but the In the region of South Punjab, the educational system faces a significant challenge as many girls drop out of school early. Immediate need of addressing this problem requires a comprehensive understanding of these factors and the implementation of targeted strategies to promote school retention among girls.

One of the primary reasons for the high dropout rate is gender-based violence (GBV). Girls often face harassment both on their way to school and within school premises, creating an unsafe environment that discourages attendance and participation. This persistent threat of violence not only affects their academic performance but also contributes to psychological trauma, making families reluctant to send their daughters to school. To combat GBV, schools need to implement strict anti-harassment policies and ensure safe routes for girls. Training school staff to recognize and tackle violence and creating awareness programs that address gender equality can help foster a safer and more supportive educational environment.

Financial constraints also play a crucial role in the dropout rates. Many families in South Punjab experience economic hardships, and educating daughters can be seen as an expendable priority when basic needs are unmet. The burden of tuition fees, uniform costs, and school supplies places additional pressure on already strained household budgets. To alleviate this, the government and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) could offer scholarships or financial incentives to families that encourage school retention for girls. Furthermore, vocational training programs within schools can equip girls with income-generating skills, potentially contributing economically to their families and creating further incentives for completing their education.

The lack of proper sanitation facilities in schools disproportionately affects girls in general. particularly as they reach the age of puberty. Many schools in South Punjab lack clean and toilets, a factor that directly contributes to girls dropping out once they begin menstruating. The absence of gender-sensitive facilities means girls miss school during their menstrual cycles, leading to gaps in their education and eventual dropout because of the problems faced in the education and especially for the families who do not afford private education which is expensive. Ensuring the provision of adequate sanitation facilities is a basic yet critical requirement. Schools must be equipped with clean, private, and well-maintained restrooms, and programs should be instituted to educate both boys and girls about hygiene and menstruation to break taboos and foster understanding.

Cultural attitudes and traditional gender roles often serve as significant barriers to girls’ education in South Punjab. In many communities, there is a prevailing belief that girls’ primary roles are confined to household duties and early marriages, with education seen as secondary. This perception creates a lack of motivation and support for girls to stay in school. Engaging community leaders and elder women in awareness campaigns that highlight the long-term benefits of girls’ education, such as improved health, economic prospects, and overall community development, could help challenge entrenched norms.

Support groups and mentorship programs within schools can provide girls with role models and guidance, motivating them to pursue their education despite societal pressures. Female teachers and alumni who have succeeded despite similar obstacles can share their experiences, offering encouragement and practical advice.

Additionally, transportation to schools remains an issue in many rural areas of South Punjab. The long and often unsafe routes discourage families from sending their daughters to school. Implementing reliable and safe transportation options can play a pivotal role in retaining girls in education. Whether through government initiatives or public-private partnerships, providing school buses or subsidized transport can ease the burden on families and ensure safer commutes for girls.

Lastly, the curriculum and teaching practices need to be inclusive and engaging to keep girls interested in education. Incorporating life skills, health education, and issues pertinent to girls into the curriculum can make education more relevant and appealing. Teacher training programs should be enhanced to foster a gender-sensitive approach to education that supports and encourages girls’ unique needs and perspectives.

In conclusion, addressing the dropout rate of girls in South Punjab requires a multifaceted approach that considers cultural, economic, and safety barriers. By implementing targeted strategies such as strengthening anti-harassment policies, providing financial incentives, improving sanitation facilities, challenging societal norms through awareness campaigns, ensuring safe transportation, and adapting curricula to be more inclusive, stakeholders can work together to create an environment that supports and encourages the education of girls. Ultimately, investing in girls’ education lays the foundation for improved economic and social outcomes for individuals, families, and communities at large, creating a brighter future for South Punjab.