On September 23, 1932, a historic event took place on the Arabian Peninsula that would forever change the region’s political landscape. On this day, the two kingdoms—Hejaz and Najd—along with their dependencies, unified under the decree of Abdulaziz ibn Saud, who became the founding ruler of the modern nation now known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. This unification not only consolidated territories in the Arabian Peninsula but also laid the groundwork for further development and progress in the region.

Before delving into the impact and significance of this unification, it is helpful to understand the context of Hejaz and Najd as separate kingdoms.

Hejaz, a region situated along the Red Sea, was historically significant for its religious importance, home to Islam’s most sacred cities —Mecca and Medina.

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